TOUR DESCRIPTIONS:

WALL STREET — FROM WINDMILLS TO WORLD FINANCE

The Dutch settlement only lasted 40 years, but those strong-minded tradesmen left their mark in a district where people from all over the world come to buy low and sell high. This lively history walk follows the streets used by Manhattanites for 384 years. It introduces visitors to the oldest part of the city and shows how the metropolis and the center of world finance came to be what it is today.
 
Amid streets whose names commemorate the 17th century Dutch market, the mill used to grind grain, and the canal used to trap beaver, participants will discover what remains of New Amsterdam, as well as the buildings, people, and events that once started a new nation, and recreated the area as its financial center. The Financial District boasts many of Manhattan's most famous historic sites, including:
• Federal Hall — site of George Washington's inauguration
• Battery Park — military statues and a world-class harbor
• Trinity Church — long head of the Episcopal Church of New York
• Fraunces Tavern — with its Revolutionary War associations
• The New York Stock Exchange — by far the world's busiest
• Federal Reserve Bank of New York— site of more gold than anywhere else
 
These days, enormous shifts have come to the neighborhood. Dozens of skyscrapers have gone residential, and new restaurants are flowering. We will examine the new changes in a historic context, and explore the areas of greatest change and potential.
 

ALEXANDER HAMILTON IN THE FINANCIAL DISTRICT — “HOW THE SAUSAGE GETS MADE”

Alexander Hamilton immigrated to British Colonial New York as a young, orphaned nobody, but quickly rose to be an influential player in the Revolutionary War and the founding of the United States of America.
 
On the southern tip of Manhattan, Hamilton lived, studied, worked, and served to create a financially robust nation in good standing with the international community. Today’s Financial District was the setting for much of Hamilton’s career.
 
Highlights include
• Site of first capital of the United States
• Society of the Cincinnati
• Trinity Church, the Tory stronghold
• Hamilton’s political foes, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
• Grave of Hamilton & Eliza Schuyler Hamilton
 

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION DOWNTOWN

Before the American Revolution, New York City was a Tory stronghold with commercial, religious, and cultural ties to England. But there was also a strong undercurrent opposing England’s rule. The Sons of Liberty gathered secretly to plan trouble, and rebellious colonists pulled down the statue of King George III in Bowling Green.
 
In 1776 after the Battle of Brooklyn, the retreating Americans set fire to much of the city destroying large sectors before the English could take control. Spy Nathan Hale was captured and hanged in Manhattan.
 
At the war’s end, after the English evacuated the city, George Washington bade farewell to his troops at Fraunces Tavern. He was inaugurated at Federal Hall, and Alexander Hamilton served as first Secretary of the Treasury. The President prayed at St. Paul’s Chapel, brokers began the New York Stock Exchange, and royal street names like King St, Queen Street, and Crown Street were removed.
 
Highlights include
• Trinity Church
• City Hall Park, protest site of raised Liberty Poles
• St Paul’s Chapel and Churchyard
• The Bowling Green uprising
• Washington’s inauguration, and the first federal government
 

JEWISH COLONIAL MANHATTAN — DUTCH RESTRICTIONS, BRITISH ACCEPTANCE, AND STRUGGLE WITHIN THE JEWISH COMMUNITY

In 1654, 23 Jewish men, women, and children arrived in Dutch New Amsterdam. Settling into their new life included adapting to restrictions imposed by the frontier town, and dealing with subsequent Jewish arrivals with traditions different from their own. Their immediate concern was how to earn a living when many occupations were closed to them.
 
During the Dutch and British periods groups of Jews arrived from a variety of countries. The process of their making Manhattan a home involved creating a place to pray, providing kosher food, keeping their children within the faith, and balancing the interests of Sephardic and Ashkenazi residents.
 
Highlights include Site of the first synagogue in North America
• The 18th century Jewish ghetto
• George Washington’s letter affirms tolerance toward Jews
• Minuit Plaza—the flagpole inscription honors the original 23 Jews in New York
• The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island—great symbols of America
 

THE SOUTH STREET SEAPORT — SALOONS, COUNTING HOUSES, AND GEORGE WASHINGTON’S WHITE HOUSE

In the heyday of clipper ships, 12 blocks around South Street comprised one of the great seaports of the world. Today’s wide slips, solid brick houses, and Belgian block streets evoke that earlier time, when seafaring trades created great wealth. Discovering today’s businesses in these historic settings offers us an unusual delight.
 
Highlights of this tour of the district include:
• Where the East River used to be
• The third oldest building in Manhattan
• America’s first presidential mansion
• Tale of the stolen building
• The latest additions in the seaport’s revival
 

THE DREAMS AND TERRORS OF ELLIS ISLAND

Discover the first experiences in America of the 17 million people who fled Europe in ship steerage in hopes of finding a new life in a strange but promising country.
 

GOVERNORS ISLAND — A QUICK RIDE TO THE COUNTRYSIDE

Governors Island is a prime piece of real estate just a short ferry ride from Lower Manhattan with phenomenal views of that skyline. Until recently the island was federal land and closed to the public. Today government, private interests, and the public are all involved in defining the future of this unique section of New York.
 
In Dutch and British colonial times, the island was pasture, timberland, game preserve, and summer resort. For nearly two centuries after the American Revolution it served as guardian of the harbor and was in continuous military use.
 
A visit today includes areas designated as national monuments, temporary art installations, and activities from jazz concerts to children’s activities to biking in a car-free environment. It’s a visit to quiet, green, and open-spaces. The big question to consider is — what lies ahead?
 

BATTERY PARK CITY — DOWNSTATE HARBOR AND UPSTATE TRAILS

Replacing deserted piers along Lower Manhattan's Hudson River shoreline, Battery Park City has emerged as a remarkable living space. Its 92 acres of landfill were developed by the Battery Park City Authority, an innovative group of public and private advocates.
 
The secret of Battery Park City's success is its integration of public amenities and private initiatives in artistically-designed natural landscapes, including hills, secret paths, and glorious panoramas.
 
Highlights include:
• Parks with playfields that include dramatic vistas, hilly woodlands, and delightful yet sinister sculpture
• Poetry House, the Irish Hunger Memorial, Winter Garden, and public bathrooms galore
• Politics of the public-benefit corporation
• Environmentally state-of-the-art private spaces
see the write up on this tour in the Tribeca Citizen
 

GROUND ZERO AND ITS NEIGHBORS – 20 YEARS LATER

Recovery from the infamous September 11, 2001 attack has redefined this part of the city. The monumental task of redesigning the World Trade Center site has epitomized the struggle among competing interests vying for influence and control over this historic re-working of Manhattan’s oldest district.
 
Site by site, developers, governments, 9/11 families, growing numbers of residents, the business community, and numerous others have all clashed and compromised to redefine the future there.
 
How is the area changing? Will the new neighborhood be an improvement? Will the new architecture uplift our sense of purpose and the perception of the tragedy? What memorials and memories will remain of 9/11? When have Americans across the country affected what happens here? Will tourists overwhelm the neighborhood? How will security measures affect the atmosphere of the newly diversified district? These are some of the issues that you can explore on this challenging new tour.
 

THE CITY HALL PARK STORY — PEOPLE FIGHTING FOR THE WORLD THEY WANT

** NEW **

The area that now includes City Hall and City Hall Park has witnessed powerful conflicts. The formative struggles that took place here were part of major upheavals affecting the entire nation.
 
• African-Americans’ striving for equality, and the violent opposition to it
• Patriots of American independence rousing New Yorkers to war, and the sadistic British Bridewell prison
• Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton publishing their weekly newspaper The Revolution, fighting to give women the vote
 
Highlights Include:
– African Burial Ground National Monument
– Newspaper Giants—The New York Times, New-York Tribune, New York World
– Bloody draft riots of the Civil War
– The Episcopalian St Paul’s Chapel and the Roman Catholic St. Peter’s Church
– The start of the American department store
– Tweed Courthouse and its history of colossal graft
 

Gangs of New York in Paradise Square and the Bloody Five Points

Just east of today's City Hall and Municipal Building, this was once a foul-smelling, disease-ridden district. Brought to life in the movie Gangs of New York, it was a place of violence, gang wars, poverty, and corruption. The district evokes such places of notoriety as Paradise Square, Cow Bay, Bottle Alley, and such gangs as the Roach Guards, Plug Uglies, Shirt Tails, Dead Rabbits.
 
Highlights include:
•  Five Points visitors — Davy Crockett, Charles Dickens, and Abraham Lincoln
•  A Five Points success story - Al Smith - Tammany Hall protégé, state governor, presidential candidate
•  The oldest Jewish graveyard in North America
•  The Roman Catholic church with Anglican, Cuban, Irish, Italian, Chinese, and Buddhist history  
 

MORE TEEMING THAN BOMBAY — THE OLD JEWISH LOWER EAST SIDE

Take a step back in time with a walking tour of the tenements, settlement houses, home life, literary culture, and religion of the early 20th century immigrants. This tour focuses on the period from the 1880s to 1930s when over a million and a half Jews, chiefly from Eastern Europe, crowded into this area, giving it the largest concentration of Jewish people in the world.
 
Remnants of the institutions that improved the immigrants' lives survive, next door to their modern equivalents, which still strive to help people into this constantly changing neighborhood.
 
Highlights include viewing (but not entering):
• The historic Forward Building, home to the world's largest Yiddish newspaper
• Seward Park Library, center of reading and education for generations
• Eldridge Street Synagogue, first synagogue in U.S. built by Jews of Eastern Europe
• The Tenement Museum, which explains living conditions of the past (a view from the outside)
• The Educational Alliance, a settlement house started by immigrants that spawned many Jewish artists and politicians of renown
 

WHEN IRELAND, CHINA AND ITALY BECAME NEIGHBORS

Just north and east of today’s City Hall and Municipal Building there are neighborhoods that in the nineteen century were densely packed with immigrants from Ireland, China and Italy, struggling against poverty, disease, prejudice and violence.
 
This tour traces the reasons behind the mass immigrations of Irish, Chinese and Italians to New York, and their diverse experiences upon arrival. What were the advantages of coming here? What were the difficulties each group faced, and what effect does this history have on the character of the city today? We will visit historic landmarks, shops and eateries, and explore the texture of these overlapping neighborhoods.
 
Highlights of the walk include;
• The Italian-American priest who leads Mass in Cantonese
• An examination of the roots of New York’s multicultural composition
• The cooperation and conflicts among very different populations
• The Roman Catholic church with Lutheran, Episcopal, Cuban, Irish, Italian, Chinese, and Buddhist history
 
Today the Irish are gone from the area, Chinatown is growing, and Little Italy is contracting as area’s demographics continually shift. What will the future hold for each section, and what is the fate of these fascinating ethnic enclaves?
 

THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE — ROMANTIC PASSAGEWAY THAT JOINS TWO ISLANDS

Since its opening in 1883 the bridge has been praised for its innovation, its beauty, and the scene from its raised walkway. It has been an icon of New York City and still evokes amazement for its engineering, its beauty, and the views from its raised, wooden walkway. Poets, novelists, filmmakers, and painters have celebrated it, as “a living connection” of architectural grace and strength.
 
Tour highlights include:
• The fascinating story of the site, design, personalities, and construction of the bridge
• Spectacular views of the Lower Manhattan skyline and the great harbor of New York
• The first section of the new Brooklyn Bridge Park, which encompasses 1.2 miles along the Brooklyn waterfront
 

THE BOWERY — ENTERTAINMENTS HIGH AND LOW

From flashy district of vaudeville, minstrel shows and operettas, to raucous saloons, bare-knuckle boxing, and Skid Row, the still-changing Bowery has seen it all.
Rural to the 1800s, the street evolved into a flashy entertainment district for the working class. During the Civil War the Bowery was a center of New York's theatrical life. Here vaudeville began and minstrel shows became popular. H.M.S. Pinafore and the stage version of Uncle Tom's Cabin debuted on the Bowery. By the 1870s raucous saloons combined socializing and bare-knuckled boxing for entertainment. Though the street's fortunes declined, its venues at the turn of the last century were the early training grounds for such greats as Irving Berlin, Eddie Cantor, and George M. Cohan.
 
The 1892 The Bowery song with its humorous view of a tourist's being ripped off popularized the street as a disreputable place. The Depression of the 1930s cemented its reputation as Skid Row for people who had lost all hope. With the late CBGB home of Underground Rock, and more recently the luxury Bowery Hotel and the New Museum, the Bowery's identity is changing again.
 

TRIBECA — NEW SCENE IN OLD INDUSTRIAL STREETSCAPE

Tribeca’s industrial past remains visible in its cast iron buildings & raised loading docks. Although reconfigured into residential lofts and hotspots of food, film, and design, these industrial buildings facing Belgian block streets retain the character of their original use.
 
This historic district was once a great estate. In the late 19th century wholesale distribution businesses organized in the area, a center for meat and produce, cheese, butter & eggs, and huge warehouses.
 
Highlights include
• Architectural mix of Harrison St
• Hudson Street property line
• Vauxhall Gardens now Washington Market Park
• Tribeca Film Festival
 

THE NEW HUDSON SQUARE

Hudson Square most recently was the Printing District, with publishers & printing presses throughout. More recently it has changed into a place where creative people come to live & work—media and advertising companies, digital innovators, tech startups, and more.
 
This tour includes the intrigues of Aaron Burr, John Jacob Astor, Tammany Hall, & an entity that has owned much of the neighborhood for over 300 years. Find out why the tunnel is named “Holland” & what world records it broke. Discover why Disney, Google, WBAI, WQXR, & even Uber’s billionaire founder have all chosen to move to this innovative neighborhood.
 

SOHO — CAST IRON STAGE FOR MANY PLAYERS

The nineteenth century cast iron emporiums of Soho have witnessed the full cycle of new development, deterioration, and restoration.
A leisurely walk through this picturesque New York area acquaints walkers with the legacies of generations of Soho residents — the immigrants who worked in retail in the 1840s and then in wholesale in the 1880s, and the artists and entrepreneurs who have helped create the current ultra-cool look of the region, sometimes literally by painting the walls.
 
Why have such upscale retail outfits as Prada, Kate's Paperie and Bloomingdale's chosen this small, formerly industry-heavy part of town for retail branches? In what ways does the past affect the future here? And in what direction is Soho moving today?
 

** NEW **

GREENWICH VILLAGE — GAY AND PROUD

Greenwich Village was long a mix of elite, immigrant, and artistic populations. It was a refuge of lesbians & gay men from all walks of life nearly century before the Stonewall riots. Gays prized the anonymity & freedom of its streets, tenements, boarding houses, the relative openness of its bohemian society. This tour discusses gay individuals, organizations, clubs, bars, & entertainments.
 
Where did men congregate with men and women with women?
 
Highlights include historic:
• Entertainment venues as Café Society, the Slide, Black Rabbit, Eve Addams’s Tea Room
• Gay bars including the Bagatelle, Julius’, the Dutchess
• Activists Bayard Rustin, Elisabeth Irwin
• Playwrights Lorraine Hansberry and Larry Kramer
• Literary figures Walt Whitman, James Baldwin, Willa Cather,
• The Harvey Milk School
• Activist organizations—DOB, GAA, GLF
• LGBT Community Services Center
 

** NEW **

ALPHABET CITY — GARDEN CAPITAL OF MANHATTAN

Before Alphabet City became synonymous with inner city decay, it prospered adjacent to the major shipyard enterprise of William Webb on the East River. Later, well-built brownstones and townhouses were residences for prominent politicians whose presence assured the well-being of the neighborhood.
 
But by the middle of the 20th century, far from the convenience of subway service, Avenues A, B, C, and D had the reputation of meaning Aware, Beware, Caution, and Death. The neighborhood got so bad that the empty lots filled with rubble became an opportunity for the community to take up their own cause. Residents joined together for decades to clear out these garbage-strewn lots and create a series of gardens that transformed the neighborhood.
 
Today dozens of community gardens—some nearly a quarter block in size—grace the neighborhood of ethnic groups and new arrivals. Each garden has a distinct character and name. The stories of how this transformation came about cover nearly 50 years right up to today.
 
Highlights include
• "Political Row"
• Tammany Hall
• Clipper Ships & the California Gold Rush
• Homes of Charlie “Bird” Parker and Allen Ginsberg
• Community gardens with purpose
 

LITTLE ISLAND — INTO THE LAND OF OZ

Perched out in the Hudson River between 13th & 14th Street, Little Island is a compact park of new land covered with grasslands, woodlands, and look-outs. Only 2 ¼ acres in size, its friendly wave-like surface conceals the drama and delight within.
 
The “floating” park starts just 15’ above the water. Thanks to clever engineering, landscaping and architectural slight-of-hand, the true height of the lookouts – and other important features -- are concealed from street-level observers. All the Island’s features are connected via meandering pathways (ADA-compliant ramps) with wonderful views, sea breezes and occasional stairs for shortcuts.
 
The agile designers and builders set a high bar requiring massive collaboration among all parties. Matching depth of soil, weight capacities of the pilings and tulip pots, and exposure, beauty, and age of vegetation was a functional and artistic ballet. Already sporting mature trees 30 – 50 years old, the park opened in May 2021.

THE FLAMBOYANT AND THE BOHEMIAN — GREENWICH VILLAGE AND HOW IT BECAME FAMOUS

In its earliest years Greenwich Village was a refuge from the yellow fever epidemic downtown. By the early 20th century, the Village had become home to artists, writers, and playwrights looking for an unconventional environment and creative freedom. Protesters came here in their struggles for the vote for women, better working conditions, opposition to war, and gay and feminist rights.
 
Highlights include:
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire and the labor movement
• Literary figures — Henry James, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Willa Cather, Eugene O'Neill
• 19th century residential architectural as a social document
• Coffeehouses of the Beat Generation
• The Minetta trout stream and street design
• Landmarking and preservation controversies
 

GREENWICH VILLAGE LITERARY WALK

The openness of Greenwich Village drew artists of all sorts including novelists, poets, playwrights, and writers of detective fiction, short stories, and muckraking exposés. Living and working in close proximity to one another, 19th and 20th century luminaries could find inspiration and good company in this bohemia.
 
Among the greatest writers have been:
• Walt Whitman, the great poet
• Henry James, the novelist whose masterwork was Washington Square
• Edith Wharton, the author of such New York-based historical novels as The House of Mirth and Age of Innocence
• Louisa May Alcott, writer of Little Women
• Edgar Allan Poe, author of such macabre tales as Murders in the Rue Morgue and such poems as The Raven and Annabel Lee
• Stephen Crane, author of the novel Red Badge of Courage
• Eugene O’Neill, possibly America’s greatest playwright
• Ida Tarbell, muckraking attacker of Standard Oil’s monopoly
• Willa Cather, author of such novels of the Midwest as My Antonia
• Edna St. Vincent Millay, first women to win the Pulitzer Prize for poetry. We will see where these authors lived and hung out, and examine how this literary community evolved over time.
 

In few other places on earth have so many notable women lived and achieved. For the last 150 years, it has seen an unparalleled variety of women – working class, gentry, radical, literary, academic, theatrical, convict, and immigrant – remarkable women who left their imprints on the Washington Sq. neighborhood – and beyond.
 
Highlights of the tour — literary, art, and theatre iconoclasts:
• The salon of Mable Dodge, a center of WW I-era activism
• The tragedy of the Triangle fire and its role in the labor movement
• The Suffrage Movement
see the write up on this tour in the New York Times
 

ITALIAN GREENWICH VILLAGE

Italian priests, saints, shop owners, politicians and mobsters all contributed to the scene south of Washington Square.
The South Village, the district south of Washington Square Park, is what most people picture when they think of Greenwich Village. Today much of the charm of the South Village comes from its many original Italian businesses, some started over 100 years ago and now run by the third and fourth generations.
 
The enduring Italian presence may be because residents from southern Italy were slow to become Americanized, holding family and traditions close. Socializing primarily with people from their native part of Italy, they established churches, social clubs, workplaces, and other needs of daily life.
 
The full story of the South Village includes African-Americans, Irish, and Italian priests, saints, shop-owners, politicians, and mobsters. Images of the neighborhood contribute to such films as Godfather II, Raging Bull, Serpico, and Moonstruck.
 

MACABRE GREENWICH VILLAGE

Celebrate the Halloween season with some of the spookiest stories in New York — murders, hangings, explosions, famous missing persons, specters, hauntings, and ghosts. Death lies in plain view —if you know where to look.
 
Highlights include:
• Washington Square Park graveyard
• The 19th century Jewish graveyard
• Newgate prison
• The murdered architect
• The tale of the haunting artist
• America's most famous missing person
• Hangings, and the hangman's house
• Edgar Allan Poe's home and his inspiration for The Raven
• The day the music died  
 

THE INTIMATE WEST VILLAGE WITH ITS SPECTACULAR WATERFRONT PARK

The West Village is a 19th century preserve with its concealed-yet-open garden, complex web of streets, and a house 9½ feet wide. Classic 19th century 3-story townhouses set the stage. This is a community neighborhood of quirky angled streets, literary hang-outs, European-style coffeehouses, and Off-Broadway theatres — the quintessential American Bohemia. Its sites inspired Edgar Allan Poe's “The Raven”, and O. Henry's “The Last Leaf.”
 
But one block west of its border, the neighborhood changes abruptly. Gone are the run-down remains of a long-disappeared waterfront commerce — transient hotels, cheap bars, and old factories. Now new glass-covered high-rise buildings rise with celebrity-filled condominiums and look out over a spectacular, transformed waterfront. Today the shoreline is alive again, this time with grassy playing fields, quiet lawns, children's playgrounds, and 800' long restored piers.
 

HISTORIC DIVERSITY IN THE EAST VILLAGE — DUTCH FARM, IRISH ALE HOUSE, AND THE YIDDISH KING LEAR

Peter Stuyvesant, a Director General of the New Netherlands, was the first owner of the farmland now known as the East Village. Later, Irish laborers moved into the area to build ships along the East River. Germans also thrived here, until a tragedy resulted in the death of over 1000 of their people. As Germans left the neighborhood, Italian, Jewish, Polish, and Ukrainian immigrants moved in, bringing new life, food, and traditions.
 
Highlights include:
•  St. Marks-in-the-Bowery Church
•  McSorley’s Old Ale House
•  Cooper Union for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences
•  The Astor Place Opera riot
•  The General Slocum Disaster
•  Yiddish Rialto theatres
 

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR IN MANHATTAN

As the inevitability of the Civil War increased, New York faced conflicts within its varied population. Family connections with the South brought personal strife for some. Business interests dreaded the potential loss of Southern markets for finished goods. Ever present ethnic and class tensions increased.
 
Once war was declared, New York officially supported the Northern cause. But as the war dragged on, ethnic and class tensions escalated between the Irish and blacks, and the poor and the governing class. Groups actively engaged with the war included shipbuilders, manufacturers, newspaper publishers, humanitarian philanthropists, and soldiers returning from battles.
 
Highlights include:
• Abraham Lincoln, the candidate and president
• Horace Greeley, the abolitionist editor
• Confederate plot to burn down New York
• The Draft and Draft Riots
• The Monitor & New York shipbuilding
• General Grant, General Sherman, and Admiral Farragut
 

FROM UNION SQUARE TO MADISON SQUARE — BASEBALL, TAMMANY HALL, AND THE GIRL ON THE RED VELVET SWING

Hubs of political chicanery, Union Square and Madison Square were gathering places for sports fans, anarchists, vaudevillians, and 19th century fashionistas. The Squares were key stations along the steady movement north of residences, houses of worship, entertainment venues, retail stores, hotels, and political organizations. But they evolved along divergent paths.
 
From the Civil War to World War I, political radicals, labor unions, and the Democratic Party used Union Square as a home base and platform for demonstrations and protests. The image of Madison Square reflected its wealthier residents, bosses of the Republican Party, and iconic early skyscrapers — the Flatiron Building and the Metropolitan Life insurance Building.
 
Highlights include:
• Tammany Hall
• The Amen Corner
• The Knickerbocker Club and the first rules of baseball
• Anarchists, Socialists, and communists
• Ladies Mile, an elegant corridor of luxury shops for women
 

THE GENIUS AND ELEGANCE OF GRAMERCY PARK

Discover a London Square that became home to creative minds, elegant salons, and the taste-setting Lady Mendl.
Samuel Ruggles, lawyer, developer, and urban design visionary, purchased a piece of marshland in 1831 in order to create a park for local citizens. Over the next several decades, a private London square emerged, surrounded by substantial homes. This landmarked district became home to some of America's greatest inventors, architects, actors, doctors, diarists, publishers, writers, painters, and losing and winning presidential candidates.
 
Highlights include:
• Manhattan's only private park
• The National Arts Club
• The Players Club
• The Salon of Elizabeth Marbury and Elsie de Wolfe
• O. Henry's home and bar
• Homes of Peter Cooper, Edwin Booth, and Stanford White
 

HIDDEN CHARMS OF CHELSEA

Beginning in the 18th century as one man's farm, this west Chelsea neighborhood is a beautiful enclave of elegant 19th century New York. Houses survive in the Federal, Greek-Revival, and Italianate styles. One centerpiece of the neighborhood is the 2-century-old General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church, still a picturesque center of learning.
 
The new look in world-class architecture is also here — eye-catching structures by Frank Gehry, Annabelle Selldorf, and Jean Nouvel. Art sites include such galleries as those of Matthew Marks, Pat Hearn, Morris Healy, and Annina Nosei.
 
The Chelsea Hotel, London Terrace, and Fitzroy Place round out our look at this varied and historical neighborhood.
 

HIGH LINE PARK ELEVATES CITY

The new High Line Park began its life as an industrial elevated railroad that traveled above the street traffic and through the buildings it served. Today the new city park on the old rail-bed serves as an international model for creative reuse of industrial structures.
 
We will climb the "slow steps" to see this amazing woodland, grassland, and urban wonderland and walk into the newly-opened extension of the remarkably-transformed space.
 
Tour highlights include:
• Preserving the abandoned look
• Seating, lighting, and views
• Artistic, environmental and structural elements
• The park's effect on the neighborhood
 

NEW ARCHITECTURE AT THE WATERFRONT — FROM THE WHITNEY TO HUDSON YARDS

It isn’t often that over a mile stretch of Manhattan waterfront becomes available for the development of commercial & residential innovations. But that is what happened when the meat market, freight and passenger ship travel left West Chelsea.
 
The change began with the prospect of turning a long-unused set of elevated tracks into the High Line Park. Some of the world’s most prominent architects—Renzo Piano, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid—have designed spectacular structures here that make this neighborhood a world-class architectural destination.
 
Tour highlights include:
• Piano's Whitney Museum of American Art
• Gehry's "Glass Schooner"
• Polshek's "Voyeur’s Hotel"
• Nouvel's "Vision Machine"
• Hadid's first residential project in New York City
 

** NEW **

SUTTON PLACE — AVANT-GUARD WOMEN CREATE NEW ENCLAVE

Starting in the 1920s, creative and influential women of means saw an intriguing alternative to Fifth Avenue residences. Together, Anne Morgan, Elisabeth Marbury, and Anne Vanderbilt chose to totally renovate townhouses on one far Eastside block between 57th and 58th Sts. called Sutton Place. The area had a checkered past of middle-class residences pushed out by industry and the working poor. These 3 women thoroughly changed that block, beginning the creation of the beautiful, off-the-beaten-path neighborhood of today.
 
Highlights include:
• “Amazon Enclave”
• Society women who first enter professions
• Stories of actors, writers, musicians and other creative people who chose the neighborhood
• A private road east of Sutton Place
• Small public parks facing the East River
 

** NEW **

TURTLE BAY AND BEEKMAN PLACE — TOPOGRAPHY AND POWER

In the far East 40’s and 50’s, Turtle Bay and Beekman Place owe some of their caché to their geography. Perched on a high hill over the East River, the property afforded great views and healthful breezes. James Beekman built his country house at the top of the slope in 1763. By 1776, the British took over the house and used it as their headquarters until the end of the Revolutionary War. Nathan Hale was condemned to die here and was hanged nearby.
 
In the 1850’s, the coming of the grid plan of numbered streets and avenues upset the bucolic setting. The picturesque cove called Turtle Bay was filled in and the area’s brownstones were converted to tenements for the working class. But in the 1920’s creative people saw residential possibilities near the river, and soon impressive new homes started to appear.
 
In addition to creative and artistic people – like Bogart and Garbo - some residents of Turtle Bay were at the pinnacle of industry and government. The publisher of Time Magazine and Life Magazine Henry Luce, mogul and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger wielded much power and influence. Did it get them what they wanted? When did it not?
 
Highlights include:
• River House
• Panhellenic, a hotel built for sorority alumnae
• Amster Yard
• Turtle Bay Gardens
 

** NEW **

ROSE HILL OF NOMAD — WHERE’S THAT!

Rose Hill has long been a neighborhood of contrasts. It once held homes of old moneyed New Yorkers, but also includes a safe house of the Underground Railroad. It was once the site of a snooty church, but just around the corner frequent assignations and colorful goings-on were part of the 1890s scene. Today you can see whole streets of stately Beaux-Arts skyscrapers and a building once tallest in the world. The dense vegetation of its beautiful park shields quiet space for art installations, children’s play, and a popular outdoor eatery.
 
Highlights include
• Winston Churchill’s Iroquois ancestor
• The Southerner who became a hero of the Yankee cause in the Civil War
• A noisy gravesite
• Where Madonna got her start
• The Crime of the Century
• The announcement at dawn, “You are now the President of the United States”
 

MURRAY HILL — FROM "THE RESTRICTION" TO J.P. MORGAN AND FRIENDS

Just south of Grand Central Terminal lies this orderly, residential enclave, notable for its graceful non-commercial character. That orderliness and quiet demeanor was no accident. The Murray family controlled the development of their land, included limiting the sale of liquor, and keeping businesses out.
 
From the days of banker and industrialist J. P. Morgan through those of newly-weds Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Murray Hill has been the district of choice for the elegant mansions, beautiful brownstones, and enormous carriage houses of New York's elite, and has seen an extraordinary concentration of wealth and power.
 
Highlights include:
• The enclave of British war brides
• The mansion built to upstage J P Morgan
• The horse tunnel adapted for modern life
• Brothers to the Rescue corner
 

GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL — CROSSROADS OF A MILLION PRIVATE LIVES

110 years ago Grand Central Terminal opened to great acclaim. The dramatic new structure was a thrilling symbol of the fast-expanding commercial and intellectual reach of the second largest city in the world.
 
Saved from demolition by Jackie Kennedy Onassis and others in the 1970s, the terminal grandly revived in the 1980s. In January 2023 the terminal expanded to create the Long Island Railroad’s access to the east side of Manhattan.
 
A majestic Beaux Arts rendition of a classical form, Grand Central is impressive outside and within. A monumental sculpture crowns its 42nd Street façade. The Main Concourse has the soaring dimensions of a cathedral. The building seems to embody the huge purpose of the terminal — to move great numbers of people, to provide services for travelers, to outshine its rival, and to create a real estate boom with the innovation of air rights.
 
Additional highlights of the walk include:
• The new East Side Access for the Long Island Railroad
• The tragedy that led to its creation
• Design that made traffic flow and luggage glide
• Its history-making role in landmarking New Yor City’s heritage
• Commodore Vanderbilt, Whitney Warren, Jackie Onassis
• The Whispering Arch
 

42nd STREET — A REBORN PLACE TO MEET

Forty-Second Street hosts some of the most glorious places in New York City—the New Amsterdam Theater, Grand Central Terminal, Times Square, the Chrysler Building, Bryant Park and the New York Public Library. Great news organizations —The New York Times, Reuters, and The Daily News —have made 42nd Street a media mecca. All along that thoroughfare, people converge on these important places and feel the beat of the great city.
 
And that beat has been drawing folks for over 100 years, even though live cattle and slaughterhouses stank up the east and west ends until the 1940's. Forty-Second Street had met many of the challenges of urban co-existence long before the United Nations took its place at the east end of this famous thoroughfare.
 

ROOSEVELT ISLAND — FROM LUNATIC ASYLUM TO NEW TECH HUB

Set in the middle of the East River, Roosevelt Island served as a place to pasture swine for the Dutch, and later as the Blackwell family farmland. In the early 19th century the city bought the island and for 100 years used it to house the unsavory services of prison and madhouse. In the last few decades, it has become a thriving mixed-income town built from a Master Plan. And major changes are on the way.
 
Highlights include:
• The new Jacobs Technion - Cornell Institute – partnership for experimentation and innovation
• Preparations for the upcoming Cornell-Technion venture—their institute for innovation
• The Roosevelt Island Tramway, a picturesque & reliable transport
• Blackwell’s Farmhouse, a centuries-old residence
• Spectacular views of Manhattan
 

GIVE MY REGARDS TO BROADWAY — THE DAZZLE OF THE GREAT WHITE WAY

Times Square — the area around Broadway from 42nd to 55th Sts. — is one of the hottest tickets in town. The spectacle and sparkle of Times Square draw millions of visitors each year, and looking back through its larger-than-life history it’s no surprise.
 
Highlights include:
• The legacies of Florenz Ziegfeld, Irving Berlin, and George M. Cohan
• "Naughty, bawdy, gawdy, sporty 42nd Street"
• Starring roles for The New York Times, Walt Disney and Mayor John Lindsay
• The new pedestrian-friendly enhancements
 

THE HUDSON YARDS — 21ST CENTURY VERTICAL

A brand new city is rising in Midtown—the Hudson Yards. It covers 28 acres, between 30th & 34th St, & from 10th Ave to West St & the Hudson River.
 
Hudson Yards is a mix of 21st century architecture accessorized with a large interactive sculpture and a touch of gently-curved landscaping. Soaring over deep rail yards, this high-end corporate & residential development includes seven stories of retail shopping and restaurants. The Vessel—the 150’-high permanent art installation—attracts urban adventurers to its Escher-like spiral stairwells. The Shed, an ambitious cultural center, was built with a quilted, retractable shell that can open the space to the outdoors.
 
Hudson Yards has precedents in Manhattan as a city-within-a-city—Battery Park City & Rockefeller Center. Each embodies its time and priorities.
 

IRISH HELL'S KITCHEN

Fleeing starvation during the Famine, Irish immigrants poured into New York City in the mid 19th century in search of a better life. One of the few jobs open to Irish men was back-breaking work on the docks. Hell's Kitchen faced the westside waterfront, a squalid, crime-ridden and overcrowded slum. Here the Irish families struggled to survive poverty and overcome discrimination.
 
The area's name still evokes images of:
• gang fights along Tenth Avenue
• Irish killers with names like Happy Jack Mulraney, Goo Goo Knox, Stumpy Malarkey, and One-Lung Curran
• Cattle pens and slaughterhouses on West 39th St.
 

CENTRAL PARK — THE BIG BACK YARD OF THE CITY

150 years ago these 843 acres were manually restructured from a "filthy, squalid, and disgusting" site into a work of art at the heart of Manhattan, Olmsted and Vaux's first masterpiece of urban landscape design.
 
Fast-growing, business-oriented New York City had largely ignored quality of life issues for its citizens. By the middle of the 19th century this omission had become so apparent that the city government arranged a competition for the design and creation of a great park. The winning design of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux transformed 843 acres into an educational, recreational, and horticultural marvel.
 
Highlights include:
• The Arsenal, which pre-dates the park
• Bethesda Fountain and Angel of the Waters
• The Mall and its literary figures
• The impact of Central Park on the entire nation at large
• The Metropolitan Museum of Art mistake
• Where did they get all those trees?
 

FIFTH AVENUE GOLD COAST

The creation of Central Park in the 1870s destined Fifth Avenue — the park’s eastern border — to become one of New York’s most elegant addresses. Great historic mansions, including those of Henry Clay Frick and James B. Duke, began to line the avenue. Much of the wealth that created this Gold Coast was earned rather than inherited.
 
Highlights include:
• The American Dream and its dark side
• American tycoons with aristocratic yearnings
• Grandiose homes and what happened to them
• Landmarked district 1 mile long
 

CRIMES OF FIFTH AVENUE GOLD COAST

The American Dream and its dark side reside even on Fifth Avenue. The creation of Central Park in the 1870s destined Fifth Avenue, the park's eastern border, to become one of New York's most elegant addresses. But as the wealth moved in, so did chicanery and violence. Great historic mansions housed both perpetrators and victims, sometimes both living together.
 
Highlights include
• American tycoons with aristocratic yearnings.
• Grandiose homes and what happened in them
• Landmarked district one mile long
• Private armies, criminal intent, financial skullduggery
 

THE GILDED AGE—GRANDIOSE YEARNINGS FROM UNTAXED EARNINGS

Rivalry between "old money" & "new money" filled the gossip pages of the Gilded Age newspapers. Old money dated from Dutch & British colonial times; new money flowed from the industrialization beginning with the Civil War.
 
The current HBO series "The Gilded Age" presents a "new money" family - the Russells - and their disruptive attacks on "old money" Society. Joining this tour you will learn whom the Russells portray.
 
Between 78th Street and 86th Street, Fifth Avenue still has a concentration of formidable Gilded Age mansions. The industrial age moguls who built these city chateaux were vying to outdo one another & flaunting their wealth & worthiness for all to see. Women of the new-monied class competed for social standing with clothing, parties, and aristocratic connections.
 
Highlights of the tour:
• "Vanderbilts, Astors, and Guggenheims
• "Poor little rich girl"
• Architectural masterpieces by C.P.H.Gilbert, Stanford White and Richard Morris Hunt
• "Dollar princesses"
• The Age of Shoddy
• H.M.S. Titanic
 

NORTHERN REACHES OF CENTRAL PARK

Many surprises await us just south of 110th St. The second largest lake in the park — the beautiful Harlem Meer —anchors a landscape unknown to many New Yorkers. It’s a place of open green lawns inviting strollers in from the sidewalk to enjoy the lake and paths, and the sharp outcroppings on the far side across the water. Here folks enjoy quiet fishing, hiking up the steep trails, watching turtles and birds, and learning in the Discovery Center.
 
Immediately south of the Meer is a world unto itself — the strikingly beautiful 1930s Conservatory Garden, a treasured enclave we will enter and explore. The tour also covers such historic sites as Nutter’s Batter, Fort Clinton, and the original Polo Grounds baseball stadium.
 
We will look out across Fifth Avenue and see the newest museum to join Museum Mile and evidence of the latest migration uptown.
 

CENTRAL PARK WEST — ARTISTS, THE "SERVANT PROBLEM," AND THE UPPER MIDDLE CLASS

Astute landowners kept property off the market until the 1880s when new transportation opened up the neighborhood. New laws and construction techniques produced the modern apartment concept.
Real estate booms brought abrupt change to 19th century farmlands and a step up for aspiring achievers. New laws and construction techniques produced the modern apartment concept.
 
Looking much the same for the past 75 years, Central Park West includes a great variety of architectural styles — Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Beaux-Arts, French Chateauwith subtle touches of castles, temples, and cantilevered terraces.
 
Highlights include:
• A great museum once called "a disgrace to the city"
• The earliest Jewish congregation in North America
• New York's oldest museum
• A solution to "the servant problem"
• Artists, gangsters, and Rosemary's Baby
 

** NEW **

FAR WEST 70s — THE APTHORP, THE ANSONIA, AND THE RIVER

The far West 70s of the Upper West Side long exhibited a pull between opposing identities.
• It sported imposing mansions, many of which were later converted into rooming houses.
• It offered beautiful Hudson River vistas, which vied with saloons, coal yards, & smoke from steam railroads along the river.
• A contemplative statue of Eleanor Roosevelt graces Riverside Park 1 ½ miles from where her alcoholic father died.
• The center of America’s drug addiction in the 1970’s bumped up against apartments of America’s cultural icons.
• Developers changed street names to raise the neighborhood image, but impressive real estate was rejected for being on the “wrong side of Central Park”.
 
Highlights include a statue built to inspire young Italian-Americans, residences by some of New York’s most illustrious architects, and a neighborhood that has taken hold of its identity to be a much sought-after residential enclave.
 

MANHATTANVILLE — PAINT, MILK, BEER, AND THE ATOM BOMB

** NEW **

Manhattanville is a valley in the southwestern part of Harlem. With easy access to the river, soon after the American Revolution Manhattanville became an industrial hub.
 
The village of Manhattanville was founded in 1806 and quickly gained prominence as an outpost of the city. A few well-to do merchants built country estates. The Industrial Revolution soon arrived in New York, and with easy access to the Hudson River Manhattanville also became an industrial hub. By the late 19th century, Manhattanville had become an unusual conglomeration of country estates, manufacturing of paint, milk, and beer. It also had newly-constructed residential buildings, some of which were for workers in the factories.
 
The latest, and controversial, shift coming to the neighborhood stems from Columbia University. Its incursions into Manhattanville represent its largest expansion in over a century.
 
Highlights of the tour include:
• A mayor of New York who owned 11 factory buildings
• The last active synagogue in Harlem
• A facility that housed both a giant milk company and research for the atom bomb
• Live poultry for sale
• Storage barn for sets and costumes of the Metropolitan Opera
 

HARLEM HISTORY WALK — MEDLEY OF ARCHITECTURE, SUGAR HILL ACHIEVERS, AND SCHOMBERG’S DREAM

In the 1880s, the new elevated railroad converted Harlem from a rural district into tracts of beautiful homes for wealthy New Yorkers. By the 1920s, downtown development and the new subway changed the neighborhood into one of the nation's most famous African-American communities.
 
Highlights of the tour include:
• The birth of jazz and sites of the artistic and literary Harlem Renaissance
• Alexander Hamilton's last home
• Strivers Row, Sugar Hill, and Hamilton Heights
• Abyssinian Baptist Church
• One of world's greatest collections dedicated to the study of black culture
 

JEWISH HARLEM

Harlem was once the third largest Jewish settlement in the world, after Warsaw and the Lower East Side. In the neighborhood more than 150,000 Jews listened to the great Yossele Rosenblatt chant Sabbath services and were terrified when gangsters like Lefty Louie Horowitz and Whitey Lewis fought gun battles on 125th St. They bought at Blumstein’s Department Store and saw teen-age singers Walter Winchell and George Jessel begin their careers.
 
The tour considers the following questions —
• Why did Jewish New Yorkers move to Harlem?
• What was their reception?
• How did they keep the children within the fold?
• Are any synagogues still active in Harlem?
 
Today still visible are -
• Stained-glass Stars of David
• Ten Commandments tablets
• Middle Eastern filigree
• A cornerstone that says built in “5668”
• Such vestiges of Orthodox Judaism as women’s balconies
 

MORNINGSIDE HEIGHTS — FROM THE BLOOMINGDALE INSANE ASYLUM TO THE ACROPOLIS OF NEW YORK

Once farmland and a battlefield, this district evolved into a center for learning, healing, and spirituality.
In the 1820's the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum started the gradual transformation of these heights from farmland to the Acropolis of learning, healing, and spirituality. Unusual for Manhattan, this neighborhood was planned and financed as a cohesive center, for mind, body, and spirit. In the 1880s, the 9th Avenue elevated train was constructed, helping to realize the plan to make this area a choice location for a places of learning, hospital, and houses of worship.
 
Highlights include:
• Morningside Park
• The Battle of Harlem Heights
• The world's largest Gothic cathedral
• New York's first college, founded in 1754
• An inter-denominational house of worship built with Rockefeller money
• Grant's Tomb — no one is buried there!

 

YORKVILLE — THE MIDDLE-EUROPEAN CITY

In the 1840s immigrants from the present Germany, Czech Republic, and Hungary came to America fleeing inflation, mass uprisings, and government repression. By the late 1860s two German entrepreneurs, Jacob Ruppert and George Ehret, built breweries in rural Yorkville near the East River. As people moved uptown for the brewery jobs, houses of worship, cultural centers, and commercial establishments arose.
 
The neighborhood today has elements of a Middle European city, Vanderbilt money, Tammany control, and the Progressive movement. Today the new Second Avenue subway makes the entire neighborhood more accessible to all.
 
Highlights include
• Bohemian National Hall, active since 1897
• St. Stephen of Hungary
• "Sauerkraut Boulevard"
• Budapest Café
• Deutsche Evangelische Kirche von Yorkville
• Cherokee Apartments
 

** NEW **

Williamsburg's Northside — REPURPOSED FACTORIES INSPIRE STREET ART, NIGHTSPOTS, AND A REDESIGNED WATERFRONT

Williamsburg‘s story is a familiar one in New York City. Think of Tribeca, SoHo, Red Hook, and Dumbo. In their time, these districts were thriving industrial hubs supplying the city and the whole country with manufactured goods from ships to pats of butter.
 
Williamsburg’s specialty was heavy industry – shipbuilding, sugar manufacturing, oil refining, glassmaking, beer brewing and iron works. Early German immigrants supplied the labor, followed by Jewish immigrants seeking escape from the Lower East Side. Famous companies began in the neighborhood – Domino Sugar, Corning Glass, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical, which kept a manufacturing facility here until 2007.
 
Today’s revival has Williamsburg as a fast-changing influential hub for fashion, music, food and art. Large spaces abandoned by industry now serve as residential lofts, art studios, performance spaces, galleries, and even a bowling alley. Fabulous murals now transform large blank walls on the street. Hotels have clustered together, with night spots and restaurants, drawing a young crowd. The waterfront has two parks, public art, and ferries from Manhattan for commuters and visitors.
 

** NEW **

FORT GREENE, BROOKLYN — FROM THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN PROSPERITY

Fort Greene is renown for a number of institutions:
   The Brooklyn Academy of Music for its cultural presentations,
   The Williamburg Bank for its tall prominence,
   Fort Greene Park for its Prison Ships Martyrs’ Monument,
   It is adjacent to Barclays Center, famous for its basketball teams the New York Nets and the NY Liberty.
 
But its African-American history is one of the neighborhood’s most intriguing aspects.
—  The first Free Black school in Bklyn began in Fort Greene in 1847.
—  In the early 19th century the area attracted African-American shipbuilders working in the nearby Brooklyn Navy Yard.
—  Abolition and Underground Railroad activity was strong before the Civil War.
—  Over 40% of its population today is African-American.
 
Additional highlights include:
•  Mid-19th century beautiful streetscapes.
•  Brooklyn Tech High School.
•  Spike Lee and his film production company "40 Acres and a Mule".
 

BROOKLYN HEIGHTS AS 19TH CENTURY SUBURB: THE GENTRY ACROSS THE BRIDGE

Just across the Brooklyn Bridge from Wall Street, Brooklyn Heights is one of the most beautiful and charming neighborhoods in the city. It was the first district in New York to be awarded landmarks designation protection.
 
Highlights include:
• Locale of important activity in the American Revolution.
• Plymouth Church—once the headquarters of Henry Ward Beecher and his Abolitionist preaching, now home to Tiffany windows.
• Some of the finest examples in town of 19th century townhouses.
• Buildings where such great writers as Walt Whitman, Thomas Wolfe, Arthur Miller, and Norman Mailer have lived.
• Great vantage point in town to see Manhattan’s Financial District.
 

PARK SLOPE — HISTORIC GEM OF A NEIGHBORHOOD

Park Slope has long been Brooklyn’s quintessential residential neighborhood. Its 19th century mansions, churches, brownstone and brick row houses make it an impressive landmark district, the largest in Brooklyn.
 
The 1873 opening of Prospect Park spurred the development of the area. When the Brooklyn Bridge opened 10 years later, it enabled people to move more deeply into Brooklyn without lengthening their commute to Manhattan jobs. Accustomed to flats and apartments, city dwellers saw in Park Slope a chance to own their own homes.
 
Today the district is prized for its proximity to Prospect Park, varied architecture, restored stately homes and churches, and strong sense of community. The very definition of a well-rounded neighborhood, Park Slope has tree-lined streets, impressive front yard gardens, excellent public schools, scores of restaurants and bars, lovely shops, and a population of creative people.
 
Tour highlights include
• Montauk Club
• Grand Army Plaza
• Battle of Long Island
• Crash of the DC-8
• The mayor shot on camera
• Laura Jean Libbey and her dime-store novels
 

Gowanus — Caskets, Canal, & Mexican Hot Chocolate Ice Cream

For almost 200 years the name "Gowanus" has been synonymous with putrid human & industrial waste. In 1911 a local politico described Gowanus Canal as, "a 5,700'-long fetid groove renowned for its sometimes awe-inspiring stench, & a near-mythic level of contamination."
 
Over the years cleaning up the canal surfaced as a necessity, so that gradual improvements raised awareness that Gowanus could become an appealing neighborhood, with a picturesque canal at its center.
 
Pioneering artists and galleries, major clean-up campaigns, and a canoe club have all contributed to the continuing rehab of Gowanus into a place good for creativity, small business, homes, restaurants, and shops promising multi-use neighborhood.
 
Highlights include
• Lavender Lake & Black Mayonnaise
• Al Capone
• Bonnano Crime Family
• Deadly swamp in the American Revolution
• Gowanus Souvenir store (gowanussouvenir.com )
• Batcave art center
 

DUMBO — WALLED CITY OF BROOKLYN

The small Brooklyn district of DUMBO was in its industrial heyday when the Erie Canal opened and steamships carried freight to and from its waterfront. Large scale manufacturing and warehousing thrived. But in the 1920s factories started closing, and gradually the neighborhood lost its vitality.
 
In the late 1970s artists and other bohemians began settling quietly into the empty factory buildings. These residents brought a cachet to the area. Soon other creative entrepreneurs moved into the large loft spaces, and developers saw a great opportunity for new residential real estate.
 
Highlights include:
• Roofless warehouse ruins being transformed into a performance space
• A waterfront park with sculpture and a splendid view of Manhattan
• Landmarked district with train tracks embedded in Belgian block paving
• Outsized close-up views of bridge anchorages